Political history of the late roman Republic

Pre-requisites: none

Course objectives: To deepen students knowledge of the political history of the Late Republic. To examine main political influences of the era, both through historical events and analysis of psychological portraits of individuals from the time.

Course description: Rome in mid 2nd century. Challenging the old order: reform attempts of the Gracchi brothers. Optimates and the Populares. Demagogues and the roman order at the end of the 2nd century. Gaius Marius. Political processes in the 90's. Sulla's rise and the civil war. Sulla's dictatorship. Corrosion of the old order during the 70's. Rise of Pompeii the Great. The first triumvirate of the Senators. Civil War. Caesar's dictatorship and death. Second triumvirate. Rise of Octavian. Anthony in the East. Civil war and the end of the Republic.

Learning Outcomes: Students will be familiarized with broad and specific historical events, from the time of the Gracchi brothers to Octavian's victory in the war against Marc Antony. Students will understand the major ideas related to late roman history.

Literature/Reading:

• J. Bleicken, Geschichte der Roemischen Republik, Muenchen 2004, 6. izdanje.
• A. Heuss, Roemische Geschichte, Stuttgart 1998 (šesto izdanje sa pregledom istraživanja i odgovarajućim apendiksom).
• The Cambridge Ancient History, IX (drugo izdanje): The Last Age of the Roman Republic 146-43 B.C., Cambridge 1994.
• M. Crawford, The Roman Republic, London 1992 (drugo izdanje)
• H. Bengtson, Grundriss der roemischen Geschicte mit Quellenkunde, I, Muenchen 1967.
• M.C. Alexander, Trials in the late Roman Republic, 149 BC to 50 BC, Toronto 1990.
• A.W. Lintott, Violence in republican Rome, Oxford 1968.
• E. Badian, From Gracchi to Sulla, Historia 11(1962) 197-245.
• H.H. Scullard, From Gracchi to Nero, London 1990 (peto izdanje).
• M. Gelzer, Cicero. Ein Biographischer Versuch, Wiesbaden 1969.
• Chr. Meier, Caesar, Berlin 1982.
• J. Bleicken, Augustus. Eine Biografie, Berlin 1998.
• M. Beard and M.H. Crawford, Rome in the Late Republic, London 1985.
• L.R. Taylor, Party Politics in the Age of Caesar, Berkeley 1949.
• K.-W. Welwei, Caesars Diktatur, der Prinzipat des Augustus und die Fiktion der historischen Notwendigkeit, Gymnasium 103(1996) 447-497.
• A. Piganiol, Histoire de Rome, Paris 1974 (šesto izdanje sa pregledom istraživanja).
• L.R. Taylor, Forerunners of the Gracchi, JRS 52(1962) 19-27.
• K. Bringmann, Die Agrarreform des Tiberius Gracchus, Wiesbaden-Stuttgart 1985.
• T.P. Wiseman, The definition of "eques Romanus" in the late Republic and early Empire, Historia 19(1970) 67-72.
• W. Kunkel, Quaestio, RE XXIV, 1, 1963, coll. 720-786.
• P.A. Brunt, Social conflict in the late Roman Republic, London 1971.
• E. Gabba, Mario e Silla, ANRW I, 1 (1972) 764-805.
• J.-F. Ferrary, Recherches sur la législation de Saturninus et de Glaucia, I: La lex de piratis des inscriptions de Delphes et de Cnide, MEFR 89(1977) 619-640.
• E. Gabba, Le origini della guerra sociale e la vita politica romana dopo l’89 a.C., Athenaeum N.S. 32(1954) 41-141.
• A. Keaveney, Rome and the unification of Italy, London 1967.
• M. Gelzer, Pompeius, Muenchen 1959 (drugo izdanje).
• A. Keaveney, Sulla, the last republican, London 1982.
• Ed. Meyer, Caesars Monarchie und das Principat des Pompeius, Stuttgart-Berlin 1922 (drugo izdanje).
• W. Dahlheim, Die Iden des Maerz 44 v. Chr., u: (A. Demandt, urednik) Das Attentat in der Geschichte, Koeln 1996, 38-59.
• A. Alfoeldy, Oktavians Aufstieg zur Macht, Bonn 1976.